The Nazca Lines

Giant candelabra on a coastal cliff pointing towards Nazca.



Hummingbird crop formation near Milk Hill 2009.

The Koricancha

The Native stonework wall provides the foundation for the convent that the Spanish built in Cuzco.



The Qoricancha sun temple in Cuzco, showing the original exterior wall and a Spanish colonial convent. The original rooms are preserved within the convent.



The altar of sacrifice in the Qoricancha, this proves that it was a temple.


Koricancha doorway.


Door to the star temple.



An Inca gold plate symbolizing their relationship to the sun.






The doorway of the Koricancha Sun Temple. It was once entirely covered with gold plates and the holes had jewels in them. It was the doorway to the stars which the jewels represented.


The Inca Sun Temple - the Koricancha. The Nephites had to leave the land of their first inheritance and travel many days northwards to found a new city and build a Temple.

Quirigua Zoomorphs - Pollen around the Eyes

Note the eye of Zoomorph P, the eye is an "X" which is associated with the Bee god. Is that a representation of pollen around the eye? The eyelashes seem to have a beaded appearance.


Quirigua, Guatemala.




Zoomorph P, note the eye and the beaded eyelashes, does this stand for pollen around the eye of a bee?


Quirigua Zoomorph B, it was originally painted red.


Zoomorph B Quirigua, Guatemala. The Earth monster has "X"s for eyes, is that pollen around his eyes?

The Bees and the "X"

"A ceremony that is performed when moving the bees from the hive" - note the torch that he is carrying to smoke the bees. From a Mayan codex.


Coba Crossroads Temple - Quintana Roo Yucatan - does this structure represent a beehive? Yucatan was famous for its honey and wax production.


The hero twins hiding in two tree trunks (used as beehives) from the gods of the Underworld. A still from the animation of "The Popul-Vuh".


The complete page from the Dresden Codex which illustrates the bees. Note on the top section by the individual bees, in the frame of each section there is an "X" glyph. Cleary, the "X" is the sign of the bee.


The Dresden Codex - "The gods making sacrifices to the bees." Note the 3rd bee image, he has an "X" on his head, it is the sign of the sacred bees. On this 3rd bee, we see the back of his head because his antennae are pointing downwards. Does the "X" on his head also stand for the 4 quarters of the earth which the bee roams? There are dots in the 4 quarters of the "X".


Quirigua, Guatemala zoomorph boulder, note the "X"s used for the eys of the Earth Monster.


Note the "X"s on the hive - the sign of the bees. Do the "X"s stand for the BZZZZ of the bees?

Earth-Monster Doorways

Puuc-style Monster Mouth doorways with spirals for eyes. Was this architectural style inspired by the beehive?

Quiche Maya Maize deity

This Corn god has spiral eyes, there is a connection between the corn and the bees.

Mayan Bees and the Hero Twins

As we pointed out in the beginning of the presentation, it is often a combination of attributes and icons that define a supernatural being. We have been illustrating figures who have been giving us clues that there is a strong connection between the Hero Twin Yax Balam (Xbalanqué) and the beekeepers and bees.


"Many of these attributes and icons are brought together in one final image; a mother-of-pearl shell pendant that sums up and unites many of the points that have been discussed previously. (Figure 26) The face of the pendant is that of Yax Balam (Xbalanqué). The patch on his face as well as an inverted triangle of three dots, his headband and up-swept hairdo, all identify him precisely. Another element can be added to his attributes, a deer’s ear worn in his headband, is another icon, which identifies the Twins.



To return to the pendant, his body however, is that of a bee, combining wings and bulbous body with human legs, joining together those elements that describe the character Mok Chi'.


I would like to conclude with a brief comment on the name of this deity. David Stuart and Nikolai Grube included this supernatural, Mok Chi' in their paper, “Observations on T110 as the Syllable ko”.9. In this paper they suggested a reading of mok chi’ with the Yucatec meaning of “knot mouth”, certainly appropriate for this deity. We have seen how he can identified in certain of his guises by the knots in front of his mouth. (Figure 12).


However, we have seen at least one aspect of this being, named as Mok Chi’ who does not have this feature, instead, he is shown as the Hero Twin beekeeper (Figure 28). I would like to suggest that the pictures themselves, that the Maya made, may be a language that needs to read and interpreted with as much care as the text. We have shown Mok Chi’ as Hero Twin, God A’, a female version of God A’, the Swollen Man, the Waterlily Jaguar, the Man in Flames and above all, the bee emulator and beekeeper. Another curious aspect of the glyphic name emerges, in that, if the glyphs are read as separate components, we find that MOL (T581) can mean “to gather” and MANIK (T671) can mean “sweet.” The written name then means to “gather sweet” and that is exactly what Mok Chi’ does.


The Maya traditions of beekeeping and the production of alcoholic beverages has not ceased. In Yucatán today, one may obtain Xtabentun, (Figure 32) a delightful anise-flavored liquor made from honey, produced by the descendants of the people who created Mok Chi’."

The Bee god and god K, diety of the day and night sun

A Rain Jaguar from Teotihuacan with sea shells, birds, and bees with the rain flowers. (Color by MJA Studio).



The Sun deity god K with framed insectoid eyes and protruding tongue.



Rio Azul blue jade mask from a tomb. Note the strange spiral eyes and the pointed tongue, does it represent the tongue of a bee?


Campeche, Hochob ruins on the Yucatan penninsula near Edzna.


Note that the eyes have no pupils, are they bee eyes?


The Sun god from Edzna, note the insectoid eyes.


The Sun god, god K - note the crossed eyes, compare to the Bee god. Is that pollen under his eyes?



The Bee god with the Old god, taken from a Mayan codex. Note the crossed eyes of the Bee.

"Jade head of Ahaw K'in. The Sun God was a popular
subject for Mayan jades, perhaps reflecting a sunlike
quality perceived as characteristic of jade Ahaw K'in, the Sun God
The Sun God, called Awah K'in (or Kinich Ahau), is sometimes equated with Itzamna, though he is younger in appearance. Sun during the day, he becomes the Jaguar God of the Underworld during the night.
Maya kings, like many other kings, often identified with the Sun God."
Note the crossed eyes.